Czech Republic (Czechia)

1. Golden Age of the Kingdom of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire under Charles IV in the 14th century.
2. 1419–1434: Hussite Wars mark an early European religious reformation and national movement.
3. 1620: Defeat at the Battle of White Mountain brings Bohemian lands under direct Austrian Habsburg domination for three centuries.
4. 1918: Collapse of Austria-Hungary leads to the creation of independent Czechoslovakia under Tomáš Masaryk.
5. 1939–1989: Nazi occupation in WWII followed by communist rule and the suppressed 1968 Prague Spring.
6. 1989: Peaceful Velvet Revolution overthrows communist rule; 1993 "Velvet Divorce" smoothly splits Czechoslovakia into Czechia and Slovakia.

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